The Cellular Basis of Cancer - 2323 Words

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide as it can develop in almost any organ or tissue. Significant advances in understanding the cellular basis of cancer and the underlying biological mechanisms of tumour has been vastly improved in the recent years (Jiang et al. 1994). Cancer is a genetic disease which requires a series of mutation during mitosis to develop, its characteristics can be associated with their ability to grow and divide abnormal cells uncontrollable while in the mean time invade and cause nearby blood vessels to serve its need. Even though many people are affected by cancer today, the abilities which cancer cells have make it hard to find a single effective treatment for cancer. The focus of research now lies†¦show more content†¦This ability of malign cancer to make their way across basement membrane and into blood vessels is what makes cancer so fatal and impossible to be cure by surgery alone. The result of metastasis and invasion in normal tissue by cancer cells are often seen as one of the distinctive features of malignancy (Ruoslahti 1996). Even though the ability of invasion and metastasis are one of the hallmarks for cancer, these abilities are not unique to cancer cells as it can also occur during the early development stage of the embryo, in healthy organisms and in many noncancerous diseases (Mareel amp; Leroy 2003). It does not matter whenever the organism has developed benign or malign cancer, all cancer cells have the ability to disturb the normal cell cycle and threaten the survival of the organism. The uncontrollable spread of cancer is the principal event which leads to the death in individuals with cancer and it is the greatest barrier of developing cures for cancer. Metastasis is the progressive spread of malignant cancer cells from the primary tumour to secondary organ in distant sites and this potential is dependent on the specific microenvironment which support them to complete each step of the metastatic process (Poste amp; Fidler 1980). To understand the molecular basis of metastasis, investigators have now separated the complex and highly selective metastasis process into series of steps to try and solve the problems cause byShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Cancer1303 Words   |  6 Pages Cancer, also known as malignant neoplasm, the hallmark characteristic involves uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Under normal conditions cell grow, divide and die, but in cancer cells the defect takes place at the gene level leading to the formation of an abnormal DNA. As genes are the basic control machines of the cell, alteration of any kind may bring devastating consequences, or malignancy. Moreover, in normal cells damage of any kind is taken care by the repair system but in cancer cellsRead MoreMetabolic Processes of Cancer Cells1770 Words   |  7 Pagessupply of nutrients. When this supply exceeds the nutrient levels required for cell division, specialized regulatory systems prevent uncontrolled cellular proliferation. In other words, cells only take up nutrients from their environment upon stimulation by growth factors. By acquiring mutations that alter the receptor-initiated signaling pathways, cancer cells are able to overcome the growth factor dependence exhibited by normal cells. These oncogenic mutations promote the uptake of nutrients, particularlyRead MoreCell Abscission : The Final Step Of Cytokinesis1505 Words   |  7 Pagescoordinate the timing between exit from mitosis and formation of furrow to ensure accurate cell division28. 3.3 The mechanism underpinning cell abscission The orchestration of the cytoskeleton rearrangement, plasma membrane remodelling is carried on the basis of the midbody which undergoes thinning over time29. Shortening of the midbody leads to recruitment of the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery, which cleaves the midbody to generate two cells30. The ESCRT machineryRead MoreShould Sunblock Be Applied Every Day?956 Words   |  4 Pagessunburns, blisters, sores and possibly skin cancer. Going to the store can be challenging when looking for a sunblock to purchase that will be the right form of defense because of all the choses people have from SPF 15 on up to SPF 100 and also UBV/UVA with and without each. Unfortunately, sunblock is normally the last thing that people think about before leaving the house in the morning. In the United States, skin cancers are the leading form of cancer, and on they are on a rise. The need for reapplicationRead MoreDescription Of Biological Signals Control Cells1111 W ords   |  5 PagesCellular proccess that are crucial for health or disease are orchestrated by the expression of multiple genes in a network of differential complex signaling pathways, consisting of many physical and functional interactions. Unlike the stable genome structure, the highly dynamic interactome represents a major challenge for quantitative mapping of protein-protein interactions (PPIs). In this article, I will discuss the latest systems science advances by using breakthrough technologies to gain an understandingRead MoreAdaptation Of The Cancer Cell925 Words   |  4 Pages Cancer cells have characteristic metabolic properties distinct from their normal cell neighbors. The best-known example is the Warburg effect: Cancer cells uptake more glucose than their neighbors and do lactate fermentation even in the presence of oxygen. Altered metabolism is now regarded as an emerging hallmark of cancer. However, how altered metabolism contributes to cancer is still unclear. My goal is to elucidate the mechanism at the molecular level. A better understanding of the mechanismRead MoreNuclear Medicine : A Global Link For The Scientific Community1383 Words   |  6 Pages through radiopharmaceuticals. â€Å"[Radiopharmaceuticals] may be put into a vein, taken by mouth, or placed in a body cavity. Depending on the drug and how it’s given, these materials travel to various parts of the body to treat cancer or relieve its symptoms† (American Cancer Society, 2014). By examining the complications which are attempting to be solved, it is evident that the medicinal uses of radioisotopes are a global link for the scientific community. However, in order to understand nuclear medicineRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Cancer1432 Words   |  6 Pagesmeans the use of any kind of drug to treat a disease, but today, it is most used in a cancer context. These drugs can also be known as cytotoxic (i.e. cell-killing) drugs or as antineoplastic (i.e. anti-cancer) drugs. But what is this complex disease called cancer? Cancer is a multi-step process mainly characterized by uncontrolled cellular growth and proliferation. Chemotherapy is very different from other cancer treatments, such as surgery or radiotherapy. One of the main reasons for this is, althoughRead MoreThe Importance Of Cancer Cells In Tumours1264 Words   |  6 Pages13It is well documented that many types of tumours contain cancer cells with heterogeneous phenotypes reflecting aspects of the differentiation that normally occurs in the tissues from which the tumours arise. The variable expression of normal differentiation markers by cancer cells in a tumour suggests that some of the heterogeneity in tumours arises as a result of the anomalous differentiation of tumour cells. Examples of this include the variable expression of myeloid markers in chronic myeloidRead MoreEssay On Implication Of JK-STAT1490 Words   |  6 Pagesaccountable for the transduction of extracellular stimulus into transcriptional factors that regulate several cellular functions. STATs are also known to exert additional functions such as affecting oxidative phos phorylation in mitochondria, regulating chromatin compliance and epigenetic markings in the nucleus and interacting with the microtubule components in the cytoplasm which are responsible for cellular motility (4). This pathway has been observed to play an integral role in the development of mammary